金屬織網與金錢 Metal Woven Mesh & Money

(English version at rea part / 简体版殿后)

很銅臭的標題？該因鈔票的水印由磷青銅造就！

本文的課題，並非涉及廣義或狹義貨幣，而是金屬織物成就實體的紙質鈔票，甚至不包括(以聚丙烯為主的)塑料鈔票。

鈔紙做為安全紙張(舉例，紙質證券，護照等)屬於最典型且最高規格的類別，製造過程中，透過改變紙張纖維分佈、加入特殊化學物質或埋入防偽元件，使紙張本身就具備極高防偽功能與特殊質感的特種技術紙張。

金屬織網在鈔紙抄制和印製工序中是不可或缺的。造紙工業，當採用適配 TAD / 高溫楊克體系做高溫(＞130℃)熱風穿透去乾燥紙漿，或高速生產(造紙機車速 1600 m/min 以上)別無他選要採用不鏽鋼干網：原料必須是316L 不鏽鋼單絲；主流規格：2/2 斜紋織造，目數對應透氣 850 CFM 檔，絲徑約 0.22 mm × 0.24 mm，開孔約 70 μm。

而鈔紙，通常採用棉花短絨或棉麻混紡纖維作為原料(受嚴格管控)，而非一般植物木漿。這使得鈔紙具有極高的抗張強度、耐磨性與耐折度，和截然不同的手感。再在紙漿中隨機隨機撒入無色或彩色的螢光纖維絲，在特定紫外光照射下才會顯現；以及小圓片Planchetela來防彩色影印。

而鈔紙的生產涉及特殊的嵌入可透視的水印——由此形成公眾最容易識別的核心防偽特徵。銅絲由於其極佳的伸展性，業界在（圓筒或平板）銅織網上製作出需要的浮雕圖案，紙漿纖維在精密金屬織網上沉積，濾水，依靠網面浮雕的濾水差異，織網凸起位置纖維會稀薄些，高透光便產生水印圖案。

鈔紙水印成型用的銅織網，原料為高純磷青銅單絲，典型規格：平紋或細密斜紋，高目數細織，絲徑約 0.08–0.12 mm，開孔 40–60 μm。尼德蘭(前國名: 荷蘭)客戶用我們意大利金屬絲網織機所生產的鈔紙磷青銅織網，其可控的微變形特性，可以精準調控纖維堆積，做出層次柔和的漸變這種為目前業界最高水平的防偽水印。有近百年歷史的尼德蘭客戶所生產的磷青銅織網，這一世界標竿產品，早已進入財富象徵的世界頂級鈔紙生產廠，也包括中國三家鈔票紙廠。

現在於市面上流通由本地三家發鈔銀行發行的2018年系列港元鈔票，全部採用同一紫荊花為圖案的水印，事因鈔紙基材同是來自昆山鈔票紙業有限公司。

空白但帶有水印和安全線的鈔紙會被送到位於大埔金管局管理的香港印鈔有限公司印制港元鈔票成品。所披露的港元鈔票核心印刷流程為：

膠印底紋 / 絲網印刷光變𥔵性油墨(瑞士特種油墨，供應鏈同樣受管控)使港元鈔票呈現動態閃爍圖案與變色效果(傾斜時由綠轉藍）/ 凹版印刷 / 凸印號碼印刷 / 保護塗層印刷。

光變油墨絲網印刷是採用不鏽鋼織網，原料同為 316L 不鏽鋼單絲；主流規格：平紋織造，280 目，絲徑 32–36 μm，開孔 65–75 μm。網面張力穩定、不易蠕變，配合光變油墨，才能印出會滾動變色的防偽圖文。油墨是 OVMI(磁定向干涉薄片)，薄片帶鐵磁芯，依賴絲網傳墨以及絲印位置，特製靜磁模具，濕墨內帶磁干涉薄片在磁場作用下同步翻轉、排列成預設計的曲面環狀陣列，這種辨識深受公眾信任，以及難以偽造，但膠印、普通凹印難以做到。因此絲印成就了這一最先進的防偽手段。

印鈔紙最前沿的研發(目前還沒實際應用於紙鈔)，是紙層內嵌入微米目數鎳基微織網夾層，用於機器識別。

許多經濟體開始走向無現金支付社區，我們堅信金屬織網可在另一維度服務e-金錢！

The smell of coins? Because of bronze!

This paper does not cover M1 or M2. Instead, it focuses on how metal woven mesh contribute to physical paper banknotes, excluding polymer banknotes (mainly made of polypropylene).

As security paper (e.g., paper securities, passports), banknote paper represents the

highest-grade specialty technical paper. During production, fibre distribution is altered, special chemical additives are infused, and anti-counterfeiting elements are embedded. These features endow the paper with superior anti-counterfeiting performance and distinctive texture.

Metal woven mesh is indispensable in banknote paper forming and printing. For paper machines adopting TAD / high-temperature Yankee drying systems (air penetration

drying ＞ 130°C) or running at ultra-high speeds (＞ 1600 m/min), stainless steel dryer fabric is the only option. The raw material must be 316L stainless steel monofilament. The mainstream specification is a 2/2 twill weave with an air permeability of 850 CFM, wire diameter of 0.22 mm × 0.24 mm, and aperture of approximately 70 μm.

Banknote paper is produced from strictly controlled cotton linters or cotton-linen blended fibres, rather than ordinary wood pulp. This delivers exceptional tensile strength, abrascent fibres are randomly mixed into the pulp to become visible only under ultraviolet light; and small circular plates called Planchetela antichromatic photocopying.

The production of banknote paper incorporates specially formed see-through watermarks, constituting one of the primary anti-counterfeiting features most readily recognised by the public. Thanks to its favourable elongation properties, copper wire can be fabricated into the required relief patterns on woven copper meshes. Pulp fibres deposit and dewater over this precision metal weave. Driven by differential dewatering across the relief topography of the mesh, fibre coverage becomes thinner over raised mesh regions; greater light transmission at these locations generates the watermark pattern.

The copper mesh for watermark forming is woven from high-purity phosphor bronze monofilament. Typical specs: plain weave or fine twill high-density weave, wire diameter 0.08–0.12 mm, aperture 40–60 μm. Dutch customer use our Italian wire mesh looms produce phosphor bronze woven meshes for banknote paper watermarking. Their meshes feature controllable micro-deformation, which enables precise tuning of fibre deposition to produce softly graduated watermarks, representing the industry’s top-tier watermark anti-counterfeiting technology. The century-old Dutch manufacturer’s phosphor bronze mesh, a global benchmark product, has been adopted by world-class banknote paper mills including EuropaFi at Vic-le-Comte for French version Euro.

Blank banknote paper pre-embedded with watermarks and security threads will delivered to the Banque de France printing works at Chamalières (printer code U) for producing Europa‑series euro banknotes. The disclosed printing sequence is:

offset printing of background guilloches / intaglio printing for architectural motifs and tactile relief / rotary screen printing with SPARK OVMI for the colour‑shifting denomination / hot stamping of the holographic security strip / letterpress serial numbering / and finally protective varnishing. Inline machine vision and magnetic inspection are carried out before sheeting, finishing and secure distribution across the Eurosystem.

Stainless steel mesh woven from 316L monofilament is used for optically variable ink screen printing. Main technical parameters: plain weave, 280 mesh count, wire diameter 32–36 μm, aperture 65–75 μm. The mesh maintains stable tension and minimal creep. Together with optically variable ink, it produces rolling colour-shifting anti-counterfeiting graphics. The ink is OVMI (magnetically oriented interference flakes) with ferromagnetic cores. Depending on ink transfer and screen position, custom static magnetic moulds align the wet magnetic flakes into pre-designed curved annular arrays. This effect ensuring public confidence, and resilience against counterfeiting. And difficult to achieve by offset or conventional intaglio printing. Screen printing therefore delivers this state-of-the-art anti-counterfeiting solution.

Cutting-edge research in banknote paper focuses on embedding micron-scale nickel-based micro-mesh interlayers inside paper sheets for machine-readable identification.

Many economies are moving toward cashless societies. We firmly believe that metal woven mesh will serve eMoney in new dimensions!

很铜臭的标题？只因鈔票的水印由磷青铜造就！

本文案，并非涉及广义或狭义货币，而是金属织物成就实体的纸质钞票，甚至不包括(以聚丙烯为主的)塑料钞票。

钞纸做为安全纸张(举例，纸质证券，护照等)属于最典型且最高规格的类别，制造过程中，透过改变纸张纤维分布、加入特殊化学物质或埋入防伪元件，使纸张本身就具备极高防伪功能与特殊质感的特种技术纸张。

金属织网在钞纸抄制和印制工序中是不可或缺的。造纸工业，当采用适配 TAD / 高温杨克体系做高温(＞130℃)热风穿透去干燥纸浆，或高速生产(造纸机车速 1600 m/min 以上)别无他选要采用不锈钢干网：原料必须是316L 不锈钢单丝；主流规格：2/2 斜纹织造，目数对应透气 850 CFM 档，丝径约 0.22 mm × 0.24 mm，开孔约 70 μm。

而钞纸，通常采用棉花短绒或棉麻混纺纤维作为原料(受严格管控)，而非一般植物木浆。这使得钞纸具有极高的抗张强度、耐磨性与耐折度，和截然不同的手感。再在纸浆中随机随机撒入无色或彩色的荧光纤维丝，在特定紫外光照射下才会显现；以及小圆片来防彩色影印。

而钞纸的生产涉及特殊的嵌入可透视的水印——由此形成公众最容易识别的核心防伪特征。铜丝由于其极佳的伸展性，业界在(圆筒或平板)铜织网上制作出需要的浮雕图案，纸浆纤维在精密金属织网上沉积，滤水，依靠网面浮雕的滤水差异，织网凸起位置纤维会稀薄些，高透光便产生水印图案。

钞纸水印成型用的铜织网，原料为高纯磷青铜单丝，典型规格：平纹或细密斜纹，高目数细织，丝径约 0.08–0.12 mm，开孔 40–60 μm。尼德兰(前国名: 荷兰)客户用我们意大利金属丝网织机所生产的钞纸磷青铜织网，其可控的微变形特性，可以精准调控纤维堆积，做出层次柔和的渐变这种为目前业界最高水平的防伪水印。有近百年历史的尼德兰客户所生产的磷青铜织网，这一世界标竿产品，早已进入财富象征的世界顶级钞纸生产厂，也包括中国三家钞票纸厂。

空白但带有水印和安全线的钞纸会被送到中国印钞造币集团旗下指定的印钞公司印刷成为成品人民币。所披露的人民币钞票核心印刷流程为：

胶印底纹 / 雕刻凹印主景，国徽，行名等 / 丝网印刷光变𥔵性油墨(瑞士特种油墨，供应链同样受管控)印光彩光变面额数字湿墨同步磁定向；倾斜时金绿转色、亮光带滚动 / 凸印冠字号码 /保护涂层印刷。(与港币钞票印制工序不尽相同)

光变油墨丝网印刷是采用不锈钢织网，原料同为 316L 不锈钢单丝；主流规格：平纹织造，280 目，丝径 32–36 μm，开孔 65–75 μm。网面张力稳定、不易蠕变，配合光变油墨，才能印出会滚动变色的防伪图文。油墨是 OVMI(磁定向干涉薄片)，薄片带铁磁芯，依赖丝网传墨以及丝印位置，特制静磁模具，湿墨内带磁干涉薄片在磁场作用下同步翻转、排列成预设计的曲面环状阵列，这种辨识确保了公众信心，且难以伪造，但胶印、普通凹印难以做到。因此丝印成就了这一最先进的防伪手段。

印钞纸最前沿的研发(目前还没实际应用于纸钞)，是纸层内嵌入微米目数镍基微织网夹层，用于机器识别。

许多经济体开始走向无现金支付社区，我们坚信金属织网可在另一维度服务电子货币！